Table 1 Specific genes involved in the ethiology of depression and post-stroke depression.
Gene symbol | Description | Gene Function | Gene expression | Disease | Human/animal data | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | ||||||
GSK- β | Synthase-kinase-3β | Central regulator of circadian rhythms | Up | Depression | Transgenic mice | [90] |
CLOCK | Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput | Central regulator of circadian rhythms | SNP | DepressionBipolar disorders | Transgenic mice | [91] |
ARNTL(BMAL1) | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like | PER1 activator | SNP | Sleep disorders | Human sample, | |
NPAS2 | Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 | Part of a molecular clock | SNP | Mood disorders | Human sample, | |
Synapse-related genes in depression | ||||||
CALM2 | Calmodulin 2 | Cytokinesis regulator | Down | Depression | Animal model | [89] |
SYN1 | Synuclein1 | Synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release | Down | Depression | Animal model | |
Depression in the elderly | ||||||
PER2 | Period circadian clock 2 | Central regulator of circadian rhythms | SNP | Sleep disorders Ageing brain | Human sample Animal model of ageing | |
Up | ||||||
PER3 | Period circadian clock 3 | Central regulator of circadian rhythms | SNP | Sleep disorders, Aged brain | Human sample | |
5-HTTLPR | Serotonin transporter promotor | Serotonin transporter | SNP | Depression in the elderly | Human sample | [100] |
TUBB4 | Tubulin, Beta 4A Class IVa | Constituent of microtubules | Down | Depression Ageing | Animal model | |
Depression and recovery after stroke | ||||||
BDNF | Human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | Growth factor in the brain | SNP | Depression Recovery after injury | Human sample, Animal model | |
SLC6A4 | Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 | Membrane protein transporter of serotonin | SNP | Depression Stroke recovery | Human sample | |
GATA1 | GATA Binding Protein 1 | Transcription factors | Upregulation | Depression Stroke recovery | Animal model | [104] |
HTR2B | 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin) Receptor 2B | Serotonin receptor | Upregulation | Poststroke depression in elderly | Animal model | |
PNOC | Prepronociceptin | Opioid receptor | Downregulation | Poststroke depression in elderly | Animal model | |