|
Pilocytic astrocytes [23, 24]
|
• In mild and moderate injuries as individual form of reactive astrocytes
|
• Elongated, bipolar cell body
|
These cells contain the Rosenthal fibers (specific but inconstant eosinophilic, cork-screw shaped elements), representing an advanced stage of cellular degeneration in astrocytoma
|
|
• Astrocytoma
|
• Fusiform nuclei
|
|
• Thin and long hair-like GFAP+ processes
|
|
Gemistocytic astrocytes [23, 24]
|
• In mild and moderate injuries as individual form of reactive astrocytes
|
• Large, dilatated, oval cell body
|
The organelles are numerous and located in the central zone of the cell body. The glial filaments are also numerous and peripherally arranged, beneath the plasmalemma
|
|
• In gemistocytic astrocytoma as a characteristic feature of this tumors [23]
|
• Few thick cytoplasmic processes
|
| |
• Abundant, deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm
|
|
• Polymorphic nuclei, frequently eccentrical.
|
|
Alzheimer type I astrocytes [23, 24]
|
• Progressive multifocal leuco-encephalopathy
|
• Enlarged cell body
| |
|
• Numerous nuclei
| |
|
Alzheimer type II astrocytes [23, 24]
|
• Associated with high blood ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy
|
• Enlarged cell body
|
Ammonia taken up by astrocytes is converted to osmotically active glutamine, resulting in astrocytic swelling
|
|
• In Wilson disease
|
• Vesicular nuclei with one or more nucleoli
|
