Pilocytic astrocytes [23, 24]
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• In mild and moderate injuries as individual form of reactive astrocytes
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• Elongated, bipolar cell body
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These cells contain the Rosenthal fibers (specific but inconstant eosinophilic, cork-screw shaped elements), representing an advanced stage of cellular degeneration in astrocytoma
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• Astrocytoma
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• Fusiform nuclei
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• Thin and long hair-like GFAP+ processes
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Gemistocytic astrocytes [23, 24]
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• In mild and moderate injuries as individual form of reactive astrocytes
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• Large, dilatated, oval cell body
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The organelles are numerous and located in the central zone of the cell body. The glial filaments are also numerous and peripherally arranged, beneath the plasmalemma
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• In gemistocytic astrocytoma as a characteristic feature of this tumors [23]
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• Few thick cytoplasmic processes
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• Abundant, deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm
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• Polymorphic nuclei, frequently eccentrical.
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Alzheimer type I astrocytes [23, 24]
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• Progressive multifocal leuco-encephalopathy
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• Enlarged cell body
| |
• Numerous nuclei
| |
Alzheimer type II astrocytes [23, 24]
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• Associated with high blood ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy
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• Enlarged cell body
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Ammonia taken up by astrocytes is converted to osmotically active glutamine, resulting in astrocytic swelling
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• In Wilson disease
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• Vesicular nuclei with one or more nucleoli
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