From: The neurobiology of suicide - A Review of post-mortem studies
System element | Change | Location | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adenylate cyclase | Protein kinase A | Enzyme activity | decreased | PFC, HIP |
Enzyme subunits RIl, C3 levels | decreased | PFC, adult suicides | ||
Enzyme subunits Rkt, R113 levels | decreased | PFC, teenage suicides | ||
 | Enzyme substrate Rap- 1 | reduced activation | PFC, HIP | |
Second messenger | cAMP level | increased | PC, CN | |
cAMP effector | Epac-2 level | increased | PFC, HIP | |
CREB level | decreased | PFC, HIP | ||
increased | PFC, antidepressants-free subjects | |||
increased density of CREB stained cells | AN | |||
Phospholipase C | Protein kinase C | Enzyme activity | decreased | PFC, HIP, teenage suicides |
Enzyme substrate MARCKS | increased concentration, decreased phosphorylation | PFC, HIP | ||
Second messenger | IP3 level | increased | HIP, CN | |
Cytokines | Interleukins | IL-1β level | increased | FC, teenage suicide |
 | IL-3 level | increased | PC, female suicides | |
 | IL-4 level | increased | FC, female suicides | |
 | IL-6 level | increased | PC, teenage suicide | |
 | IL-13 level | increased | PC, male suicides | |
 | TNF-Family | TNF-α level | increased | PC, teenage suicide |