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Table 2 Metabolites with significant group differences and their relationship with clinical symptoms

From: Metabolite profiling in posttraumatic stress disorder

Substance class

 

Comparison PTSD vs. Controls

Symptom correlation

 

Metabolite

VIP

p

FDR

d [95% CI]

r CAPS

p

FDR

Glycerophospholipids

       
 

PE(17:1(9Z)18:0) ↑

1.94

.0007

.020

−1.38 [−2.28, −0.48]

.466

.0004

.019

 

PE(P-18:1(11Z)/15:0) ↑

1.70

.004

.073

−1.04 [−1.84, −0.24]

.324

.008

.058

 

PE-Nme(O-14:0/O-14:0) ↑

1.46

.007

.073

−0.92 [−1.63, −0.21]

.270

.020

.102

 

PE-NMe2(O-14:0/O-14:0) ↑

1.37

.023

.163

−0.79 [−1.51, −0.06]

.185

.125

.325

Fatty acid metabolites

       
 

Palmitoylethanolamide ↓

1.91

.0004

.020

1.28 [0.54, 2.02]

-.391

.001

.019

 

Palmitic amide ↓

1.17

.044

.204

0.67 [−0.02, 1.37]

-.190

.102

.294

Nucleosides

       
 

Guanosine ↓

1.22

.039

.204

0.71 [−0.01, 1.43]

-.391

.0009

.019

 

Inosine ↓

1.25

.041

.204

0.69 [0.00, 1.39]

-.356

.002

.027

Bile acids and derivates

       
 

3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ↓

1.53

.006

.073

0.89 [0.18, 1.6]

-.347

.003

.029

 

7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid ↑

1.55

.007

.073

−0.98 [−1.72, −0.24]

.310

.011

.065

 

Glycocholic Acid ↓

1.53

.023

.163

0.82 [0.12, 1.53]

-.301

.016

.085

Monosaccharides

       
 

N-Acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate ↓

1.50

.024

.163

0.83 [0.05, 1.61]

-.392

.002

.027

Anti-Oxidants

       
 

Pantothenic Acid ↓

0.94

.044

.204

0.55 [−0.14, 1.24]

-.323

.005

.047

  1. VIP, Variable Importance in Projection; FDR, False Discovery Rate corrected p-values; d, Cohen’s d; CI, Confidence Interval; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; r, Kendall’s τ correlations; ↑ and ↓ refer to up- and down-regulation in PTSD, respectively.
  2. NB: The univariate group comparisons PTSD vs. controls were performed by t-tests, if test residuals were normally distributed and Mann–Whitney U-test if residuals were not normally distributed.