Effects of physical exercise on central nervous system functions: a review of brain region specific adaptations

Table 1 The differences between voluntary and forced exercise in murine studies

Voluntary exercise	Forced exercise
Self-selected cruising speed	Researcher pre-prescribed speeds
Variable speeds	Constant speeds
Short bursts of exercise	Relatively long periods of exercise
No coercion of the animal	Coercion of the animal
No psychological stress arising from coercion	Possible psychological stress arising from coercion
No physiological cascades arising from psychological stress from coercion	Possible physiological cascades arising from potential psychological stress from coercion
No potential for physiological responses to the psychological stress of coercion to interact with or confound the parameters under investigation	Potential for physiological responses to the psychological stress of coercion to interact with or confound the parameters under investigation
No potential for confounded findings due to psychological stress physiology	Potential for confounded findings due to physiological stress physiology
Directly translatable to clinical studies	Difficulty with translation to clinical studies